Learning and Education

Water absorption depends on more than water alone — electrolytes and glucose work together through specialized transport systems in the gut to help move fluid efficiently into the body.

The link between stress, neurotransmitter shifts, and stool consistency is a powerful example of the gut-brain axis in action. Stress activates CRF, catecholamine, and serotonergic pathways that alter ENS behavior,...

Although the details of the gut-brain conversation are still unfolding, one message is already loud and clear: serotonin made in the gut plays a starring role in both digestion and...

This article will explain the major ways that gut microbes produce and influence chemicals that shape mood and bowel function. It will also give concrete examples and note what this...

This article explores how specific dietary factors: fiber, micronutrients, fermented foods, and timing, can support microbial GABA production and overall gut-brain health. Let’s dive into what your microbiota needs to feed your...

In this article, we will examine how water supports each phase of digestion, the signs and consequences of dehydration on gut health, practical guidelines for optimal hydration, and common misconceptions.

In this article, we will take a glimpse at the science behind glutamine supplementation, explore its benefits, and provide insights into how timing can enhance its effectiveness. Whether you are...

The gut is often considered the body's "second brain," with roles in mood regulation and immune function that expand beyond its primary job of digestion. It’s perhaps unsurprising that nicotine, the...

This article seeks to improve your understanding of the role of GABA in gut health and offers insights into the management of GI disorders, mental health, and overall wellness.

In this article, we will explore the differences and similarities between glutamine and glutamate, as well as discuss their metabolic roles, nutritional significance, and clinical applications. 

How do GABA supplements exert their action? Is the observed effect merely a result of the placebo effect? Do these supplements work through peripheral mechanisms outside the brain? Or can GABA...

Testing for serotonin levels in the brain is very difficult. Although blood tests are available for serotonin, doctors tend to diagnose low serotonin based on symptoms, not blood concentrations. In...

Serotonin is synthesized through a series of enzymatic reactions, beginning with the essential amino acid tryptophan. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body, hence the name, and must...

Derived from the Greek term holos meaning whole or entire, the concept of a holobiont was initially defined by Dr. Lynn Margulis in her 1991 book, "Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary...

The exposome: the cumulative measure of environmental exposures and corresponding biological responses that can be derived from biological samples (blood, urine, tissue). The debate of nature versus nurture was put...