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The majestic magnolia tree, celebrated for its aromatic flowers, also harbors a lesser-known gem in its bark. For generations, traditional healers have valued this component, referred to as Houpo when used in traditional...

Melatonin is well-known for its modulation of the circadian rhythm through signaling pathways involving its two G protein-coupled receptors. However, melatonin is involved in many other mechanisms and represents therapeutic...

GABA, the natural brain brake, helps tone down neural activity, offering a pocket of serenity among ruminations and worries. Ashwagandha is a gift from Ayurveda that acts as a protective...

Given the immense burden of depression and PTSD, new and innovative therapies are required to help address these challenges to global public health. This article aims to provide information on...

This article explores six commonly prescribed pharmaceutical drugs, elucidates the biological mechanisms that can impair focus, and sheds light on the difficult balance between therapeutic benefits and cognitive side effects.

Sleep is considered the most fundamental element of the glymphatic system activity, particularly slow-wave sleep during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [10]. Both sleep duration and quality influence the glymphatic...

Glutamate is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in brain function and overall health. As one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain, it is...

The festive traditions of Christmas, replete with feasts, gift-giving, and elaborate decorations, may have evolved from ancient shamanic practices, particularly those involving Amanita muscaria or the fly agaric mushroom.

The endocannabinoid system serves to modulate neurotransmission at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the brain, specifically in brain regions associated with the regulation of emotions, motivation, pain, and cognition [10-14]. Our...

Cognitive biases are prevalent human tendencies that can significantly influence how we think, make decisions, and act in various ways [1-3]. In the setting of health and wellness, these biases can...

The use of psychedelics for their potential cognitive and mental health benefits is a topic that has gained attention in recent years. Psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, ketamine, and MDMA...

Nicotine is a chemical compound that naturally occurs in tobacco plants. It's notorious for its addictive properties and the severe health consequences of smoking. However, when you separate nicotine from the...

Research from the turn of the century proposed that reduced forms of honokiol might yield enhanced anxiolytic activity compared with its parent compound [12,13]. The most promising of these was...

Testing for serotonin levels in the brain is very difficult. Although blood tests are available for serotonin, doctors tend to diagnose low serotonin based on symptoms, not blood concentrations. In...

Serotonin is synthesized through a series of enzymatic reactions, beginning with the essential amino acid tryptophan. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body, hence the name, and must...