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Anandamide is a neurotransmitter of the endocannabinoid system that is derived from arachidonic acid-containing membrane lipids and has numerous biological functions. Its effects are primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and...

Serotonin syndrome (SS), or serotonin toxicity [1,2], is a condition that can be potentially life-threatening, and is brought about by the use of serotonergic drugs [3,4]. The term serotonergic simply refers to...

Honokiol is a natural compound derived from the bark and seed cones of the Magnolia tree. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in East Asia....

Imagine a beautiful mushroom. Do you see a dome-shaped cap atop a slender stem? Visualize the cap’s color. Is it, perhaps, a deep red adorned with white dots? If so,...

5-hydroxytryptophan, or 5-HTP for short, is the intermediate metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the process of serotonin biosynthesis [1]. That is to say, it is an immediate precursor...

Cannabis has historically been used for a wide range of purposes, such as industrial, ornamental, and pharmaceutical applications [1,2]. In the modern world, marijuana use is permitted in some jurisdictions to...

Mushrooms have been consumed as part of the human diet as a food source for many centuries [1], yet “mushroom nutraceuticals” are only a recent development [2]. These products use mushroom-derived agents...

Nowadays, cannabis is a popular topic in the news and on social media. You may have come across articles or blogs discussing compounds called cannabinoids that are present in cannabis...

Everyday an American is potentially exposed to more than 80,000 toxic chemicals, yet their impact on neuro-diseases is not well understood. Studies have shown that exposure to toxic chemicals in the...

Although the title of this article may seem like a departure from our regularly scheduled (and we think awesome) programming... it is, in fact, very relevant.  Because with this newfound enhanced sense of...

Dendrites are the branching extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body [4,5]. Dendrites derive their name from the Greek word...

New research evidence suggests that meditation can modulate brain activity, specifically via the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [3-6]. Though this may perhaps not be surprising to devotees of the practice, in...

If you’re a fan of all things cannabis, you’ve probably heard about the endocannabinoid system (ECS) — the homeostatic superhero of our bodies that regulates everything from mood to appetite. But did...

Have you ever wondered how your body clears cellular waste? Where do our millions of cells dump their garbage? The answer to this question is relatively simple: outside of your...

Acquiring new knowledge is beneficial for the brain, but not all types of learning can lead to the formation of new synapses. To foster the formation of new synapses, it...