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Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are different forms of vitamin B3 found in food. These compounds have identical vitamin activity; however, their pharmacological profiles differ. Indeed, nicotinamide has an amide group, notably absent in nicotinic acid, which confers different therapeutic and side effects. Depending on the country, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are referred to as niacin and niacinamide, respectively.
The largest group of naturally occurring polyphenols are flavonoids, including apigenin, which has become a subject of interest for nutritionists, researchers, and health enthusiasts alike. Known for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer, and other beneficial effects, it is found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs.
In this article, we will examine the background of this relationship, the underlying mechanisms, interactions, and broader consequences of the synergy between nicotine and caffeine.
Alcohol is a widely used substance worldwide. While its effects on health remain unclear at low doses, several studies report that alcohol abstinence improves health, including sleep. However, its consumption increases the risk of certain types of cancers, heart disease, and stroke.
Niacin exists in different forms, comprising nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside (NR). All of these compounds have essential roles in metabolism and cellular respiration. At the blood-brain barrier, nicotinamide is rapidly transferred across the cerebral capillaries in a bidirectional manner by a very low-affinity, high-capacity facilitated diffusion system.
Apigenin, also known as 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, is a natural chemical from the flavone group found in vegetables and fruits, including olives, onions, celery, oranges, and chamomile. In this article, we delve into the therapeutic potential of apigenin, including its mechanism of action, benefits of apigenin, and current limitations in study.
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