Learning and Education

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vitally important gatekeeper of sorts that protects the brain and central nervous system (CNS) from pathogens and potential neurotoxins, whilst allowing the transport of...

Nootropics, also known as brain supplements, smart drugs, or cognitive enhancers, are substances purported to increase cognitive functions.

The goals of this article are to explore the different types of naps, their specific benefits, and how napping influences hormones and neurotransmitters where information is available.

L-theanine (or N-ethyl-L-glutamine) is an amino acid analog structurally similar to L-glutamate, one of the primary excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS).

Modern medicine is progressively transitioning away from treating illnesses and toward preventing them. In light of this, what if your diet regularly serves as medicine? The food you eat can...

We are all familiar with the feeling of being “in the groove” or “in the zone,” where all of our energy and focus is absorbed by a particular task or...

Ever wake up feeling like you barely got any sleep, even after a full night in bed? Or maybe your partner keeps nudging you because of your loud snoring? If...

Reducing GABA-A receptor signaling can have profound effects on the central nervous system, leading to significant physiological and neurological consequences, including increasing neuronal excitability, altered pain perception, mood changes, increased...

How do GABA supplements exert their action? Is the observed effect merely a result of the placebo effect? Do these supplements work through peripheral mechanisms outside the brain? Or can GABA...

The goals of this article are to explore the effect of GABA on muscle protein synthesis and evaluate its use as an ergogenic aid for the maintenance or enhancement of...

Adenosine plays a role in a wide range of physiological processes, such as sleep regulation, angiogenesis, and immune system modulation. It also shows interesting properties in humans as a local...

GABA and gabapentin are two fundamentally different compounds that share some important similarities. The goals of this article are to provide some background on each one as well as an overview...

ATP synthase (also referred to as F1 Fo -ATPase or H+ -ATPase) is an extraordinarily prevalent complex of proteins found in all living organisms. Despite variations, ATP synthases are highly...

Recent studies have highlighted GABA to be beneficial in several ways, with multiple biological activities of GABA attributed to insulin metabolism [3,4]. Notably, signaling through GABA receptors has been associated with...

In this article, we'll be exploring 4 ways to naturally increase your melatonin levels through some dietary and lifestyle changes, whether it be lessening exposure to room light, eating foods...